Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\t(): Implicitly marking parameter $domain as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/symfony/translation/Resources/functions.php on line 18

Deprecated: Filament\Notifications\Testing\assertNotified(): Implicitly marking parameter $notification as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/filament/notifications/src/Testing/Autoload.php on line 10

Deprecated: Termwind\style(): Implicitly marking parameter $callback as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/nunomaduro/termwind/src/Functions.php on line 29

Deprecated: Termwind\ask(): Implicitly marking parameter $autocomplete as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/nunomaduro/termwind/src/Functions.php on line 61

Deprecated: money(): Implicitly marking parameter $currency as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/akaunting/laravel-money/src/helpers.php on line 7

Deprecated: Laravel\Prompts\text(): Implicitly marking parameter $validate as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/prompts/src/helpers.php on line 11

Deprecated: Laravel\Prompts\password(): Implicitly marking parameter $validate as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/prompts/src/helpers.php on line 19

Deprecated: Laravel\Prompts\select(): Implicitly marking parameter $default as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/prompts/src/helpers.php on line 29

Deprecated: Laravel\Prompts\select(): Implicitly marking parameter $validate as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/prompts/src/helpers.php on line 29

Deprecated: Laravel\Prompts\multiselect(): Implicitly marking parameter $validate as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/prompts/src/helpers.php on line 41

Deprecated: Laravel\Prompts\confirm(): Implicitly marking parameter $validate as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/prompts/src/helpers.php on line 49

Deprecated: Laravel\Prompts\suggest(): Implicitly marking parameter $validate as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/prompts/src/helpers.php on line 59

Deprecated: Laravel\Prompts\search(): Implicitly marking parameter $validate as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/prompts/src/helpers.php on line 69

Deprecated: Laravel\Prompts\note(): Implicitly marking parameter $type as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/prompts/src/helpers.php on line 90

Deprecated: Psy\info(): Implicitly marking parameter $config as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/psy/psysh/src/functions.php on line 131

Deprecated: optional(): Implicitly marking parameter $callback as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/helpers.php on line 190

Deprecated: with(): Implicitly marking parameter $callback as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/helpers.php on line 430

Deprecated: Mockery::formatArgs(): Implicitly marking parameter $arguments as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/mockery/mockery/library/Mockery.php on line 536

Deprecated: Mockery::formatObjects(): Implicitly marking parameter $objects as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/mockery/mockery/library/Mockery.php on line 612

Deprecated: Illuminate\Container\Container::beforeResolving(): Implicitly marking parameter $callback as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php on line 1151

Deprecated: Illuminate\Container\Container::resolving(): Implicitly marking parameter $callback as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php on line 1171

Deprecated: Illuminate\Container\Container::afterResolving(): Implicitly marking parameter $callback as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php on line 1191

Deprecated: Illuminate\Container\Container::setInstance(): Implicitly marking parameter $container as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php on line 1430

Deprecated: Illuminate\Contracts\Container\Container::beforeResolving(): Implicitly marking parameter $callback as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Contracts/Container/Container.php on line 200

Deprecated: Illuminate\Contracts\Container\Container::resolving(): Implicitly marking parameter $callback as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Contracts/Container/Container.php on line 209

Deprecated: Illuminate\Contracts\Container\Container::afterResolving(): Implicitly marking parameter $callback as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Contracts/Container/Container.php on line 218

Deprecated: Illuminate\Support\Arr::first(): Implicitly marking parameter $callback as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Collections/Arr.php on line 188

Deprecated: Illuminate\Support\Arr::last(): Implicitly marking parameter $callback as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Collections/Arr.php on line 217

Deprecated: Illuminate\Routing\Router::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $container as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php on line 136

Deprecated: Illuminate\Routing\Router::model(): Implicitly marking parameter $callback as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php on line 1140

Deprecated: Illuminate\Events\Dispatcher::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $container as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Events/Dispatcher.php on line 65

Deprecated: Illuminate\Http\Request::duplicate(): Implicitly marking parameter $query as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Http/Request.php on line 501

Deprecated: Illuminate\Http\Request::duplicate(): Implicitly marking parameter $request as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Http/Request.php on line 501

Deprecated: Illuminate\Http\Request::duplicate(): Implicitly marking parameter $attributes as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Http/Request.php on line 501

Deprecated: Illuminate\Http\Request::duplicate(): Implicitly marking parameter $cookies as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Http/Request.php on line 501

Deprecated: Illuminate\Http\Request::duplicate(): Implicitly marking parameter $files as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Http/Request.php on line 501

Deprecated: Illuminate\Http\Request::duplicate(): Implicitly marking parameter $server as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Http/Request.php on line 501

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request::duplicate(): Implicitly marking parameter $query as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/symfony/http-foundation/Request.php on line 446

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request::duplicate(): Implicitly marking parameter $request as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/symfony/http-foundation/Request.php on line 446

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request::duplicate(): Implicitly marking parameter $attributes as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/symfony/http-foundation/Request.php on line 446

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request::duplicate(): Implicitly marking parameter $cookies as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/symfony/http-foundation/Request.php on line 446

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request::duplicate(): Implicitly marking parameter $files as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/symfony/http-foundation/Request.php on line 446

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request::duplicate(): Implicitly marking parameter $server as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/symfony/http-foundation/Request.php on line 446

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request::getPreferredLanguage(): Implicitly marking parameter $locales as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/symfony/http-foundation/Request.php on line 1604

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request::getTrustedValues(): Implicitly marking parameter $ip as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/symfony/http-foundation/Request.php on line 2004

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\ParameterBag::all(): Implicitly marking parameter $key as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/symfony/http-foundation/ParameterBag.php on line 40

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\ParameterBag::getEnum(): Implicitly marking parameter $default as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/symfony/http-foundation/ParameterBag.php on line 176

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\HeaderBag::all(): Implicitly marking parameter $key as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/symfony/http-foundation/HeaderBag.php on line 68

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\HeaderBag::get(): Implicitly marking parameter $default as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/symfony/http-foundation/HeaderBag.php on line 113

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\HeaderBag::getDate(): Implicitly marking parameter $default as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/symfony/http-foundation/HeaderBag.php on line 198

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\InputBag::getEnum(): Implicitly marking parameter $default as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/symfony/http-foundation/InputBag.php on line 86

Deprecated: Illuminate\Http\Concerns\InteractsWithInput::whenHas(): Implicitly marking parameter $default as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Http/Concerns/InteractsWithInput.php on line 123

Deprecated: Illuminate\Http\Concerns\InteractsWithInput::whenFilled(): Implicitly marking parameter $default as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Http/Concerns/InteractsWithInput.php on line 201

Deprecated: Illuminate\Http\Concerns\InteractsWithInput::whenMissing(): Implicitly marking parameter $default as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Http/Concerns/InteractsWithInput.php on line 235

Deprecated: Illuminate\Support\Str::createRandomStringsUsing(): Implicitly marking parameter $factory as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Str.php on line 871

Deprecated: Illuminate\Support\Str::createUuidsUsing(): Implicitly marking parameter $factory as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Str.php on line 1391

Deprecated: Illuminate\Support\Str::freezeUuids(): Implicitly marking parameter $callback as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Str.php on line 1436

Deprecated: Carbon\Traits\Date::getDaysFromStartOfWeek(): Implicitly marking parameter $weekStartsAt as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/Traits/Date.php on line 1394

Deprecated: Carbon\Traits\Date::setDaysFromStartOfWeek(): Implicitly marking parameter $weekStartsAt as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/Traits/Date.php on line 1412

Deprecated: Carbon\Traits\Date::utcOffset(): Implicitly marking parameter $minuteOffset as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/Traits/Date.php on line 1481

Deprecated: Carbon\Traits\Localization::locale(): Implicitly marking parameter $locale as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/Traits/Localization.php on line 445

Deprecated: Symfony\Contracts\Translation\TranslatorInterface::trans(): Implicitly marking parameter $domain as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/symfony/translation-contracts/TranslatorInterface.php on line 62

Deprecated: Symfony\Contracts\Translation\TranslatorInterface::trans(): Implicitly marking parameter $locale as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/symfony/translation-contracts/TranslatorInterface.php on line 62

Deprecated: Carbon\Traits\Test::setDefaultTimezone(): Implicitly marking parameter $date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/Traits/Test.php on line 204

Deprecated: Return type of Carbon\Carbon::createFromTimestamp($timestamp, $tz = null) should either be compatible with DateTime::createFromTimestamp(int|float $timestamp): static, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/Traits/Timestamp.php on line 29

Deprecated: Illuminate\Support\Traits\Conditionable::when(): Implicitly marking parameter $callback as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Conditionable/Traits/Conditionable.php on line 21

Deprecated: Illuminate\Support\Traits\Conditionable::when(): Implicitly marking parameter $default as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Conditionable/Traits/Conditionable.php on line 21

Deprecated: Illuminate\Support\Traits\Conditionable::unless(): Implicitly marking parameter $callback as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Conditionable/Traits/Conditionable.php on line 53

Deprecated: Illuminate\Support\Traits\Conditionable::unless(): Implicitly marking parameter $default as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Conditionable/Traits/Conditionable.php on line 53

Deprecated: Carbon\CarbonTimeZone::toOffsetName(): Implicitly marking parameter $date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/CarbonTimeZone.php on line 158

Deprecated: Carbon\CarbonTimeZone::toOffsetTimeZone(): Implicitly marking parameter $date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/CarbonTimeZone.php on line 172

Deprecated: Carbon\CarbonTimeZone::toRegionName(): Implicitly marking parameter $date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/CarbonTimeZone.php on line 188

Deprecated: Carbon\CarbonTimeZone::toRegionTimeZone(): Implicitly marking parameter $date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/CarbonTimeZone.php on line 230

Deprecated: Dotenv\Repository\RepositoryBuilder::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $allowList as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/vlucas/phpdotenv/src/Repository/RepositoryBuilder.php on line 68

Deprecated: Dotenv\Repository\RepositoryBuilder::allowList(): Implicitly marking parameter $allowList as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/vlucas/phpdotenv/src/Repository/RepositoryBuilder.php on line 247

Deprecated: Dotenv\Dotenv::create(): Implicitly marking parameter $fileEncoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/vlucas/phpdotenv/src/Dotenv.php on line 83

Deprecated: Dotenv\Dotenv::createMutable(): Implicitly marking parameter $fileEncoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/vlucas/phpdotenv/src/Dotenv.php on line 112

Deprecated: Dotenv\Dotenv::createUnsafeMutable(): Implicitly marking parameter $fileEncoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/vlucas/phpdotenv/src/Dotenv.php on line 129

Deprecated: Dotenv\Dotenv::createImmutable(): Implicitly marking parameter $fileEncoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/vlucas/phpdotenv/src/Dotenv.php on line 148

Deprecated: Dotenv\Dotenv::createUnsafeImmutable(): Implicitly marking parameter $fileEncoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/vlucas/phpdotenv/src/Dotenv.php on line 165

Deprecated: Dotenv\Dotenv::createArrayBacked(): Implicitly marking parameter $fileEncoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/vlucas/phpdotenv/src/Dotenv.php on line 185

Deprecated: Dotenv\Store\StoreBuilder::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $fileEncoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/vlucas/phpdotenv/src/Store/StoreBuilder.php on line 54

Deprecated: Dotenv\Store\StoreBuilder::fileEncoding(): Implicitly marking parameter $fileEncoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/vlucas/phpdotenv/src/Store/StoreBuilder.php on line 123

Deprecated: Dotenv\Store\FileStore::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $fileEncoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/vlucas/phpdotenv/src/Store/FileStore.php on line 42

Deprecated: Dotenv\Store\File\Reader::read(): Implicitly marking parameter $fileEncoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/vlucas/phpdotenv/src/Store/File/Reader.php on line 43

Deprecated: Dotenv\Store\File\Reader::readFromFile(): Implicitly marking parameter $encoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/vlucas/phpdotenv/src/Store/File/Reader.php on line 70

Deprecated: Dotenv\Util\Str::utf8(): Implicitly marking parameter $encoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/vlucas/phpdotenv/src/Util/Str.php on line 36

Deprecated: Dotenv\Util\Str::substr(): Implicitly marking parameter $length as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/vlucas/phpdotenv/src/Util/Str.php on line 82

Deprecated: Dotenv\Util\Regex::replaceCallback(): Implicitly marking parameter $limit as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/vlucas/phpdotenv/src/Util/Regex.php on line 67

Deprecated: Dotenv\Parser\Entry::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $value as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/vlucas/phpdotenv/src/Parser/Entry.php on line 33

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Actualités :: L’occupation de l’estuaire du Wouri et la naissance de la Ville de Douala - Chefferie Mbanya

Mbanya forme une Collectivité Coutumière installée au cœur de la Ville de Douala, Capitale économique du Cameroun. S.M Elong Kotto est Chef Coutumier et Chef de Chefferie de cette entité devenue célébre en référence au baptême traditionnel du Président Paul BIYA.

Actualités

L’occupation de l’estuaire du Wouri et la naissance de la Ville de Douala

L’occupation de l’estuaire du Wouri et la naissance de la Ville de Douala
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 L'estuaire du Wouri qui est un vaste plan d'eau abrité et couvert de mangroves, était dans le passé un lieu d’enjeux capital non seulement pour les colonisateurs, mais également pour les populations riveraines et plus tard, un lieu d’aboutissement des flux migratoires en provenance de toutes les régions du territoire national et même au-delà. Pour le colon européen, cet espace sera la porte d’entrée d’un territoire plus grand que la plaine côtière. Ainsi, les allemands vont d’abord s’établir sur le plateau des Bell avec pour projet de faire de l’estuaire un port de référence en Afrique centrale et un point de convergence d’un trafic international. Pour les populations riveraines, les Bassa et Duala notamment, l’estuaire du Wouri a été un espace aux enjeux multiples. Au fil des années, cet espace deviendra le plus grand pourvoyeur d’emplois de la région du littorale et même du Cameroun tout entier, du fait de la création continue d’entreprises dans ce pôle commercial stratégique qui a pris de l’envergure avec la construction du port de Douala. 

 L’espace urbain de Douala s’est agrandi, passant de 4 800 ha en 1980, à 9 458 ha en 1990 puis à 17 850 ha en 2000. Cette excroissance de la ville va s’amplifier avec l’absorption continue des villages périphériques qui seront progressivement incorporés pour former avec la ville existante une entité unique. Au fil des ans, la ville redistribue les populations qu’elle attire entre ses différents quartiers et ses périphéries proches ou lointaines. 

 Douala est de nos jours un pôle de convergence des flux de populations, l’enjeu étant la quête d’un travail plus valorisant.