Deprecated: Symfony\Component\Translation\t(): Implicitly marking parameter $domain as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/symfony/translation/Resources/functions.php on line 18

Deprecated: Filament\Notifications\Testing\assertNotified(): Implicitly marking parameter $notification as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/filament/notifications/src/Testing/Autoload.php on line 10

Deprecated: Termwind\style(): Implicitly marking parameter $callback as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/nunomaduro/termwind/src/Functions.php on line 29

Deprecated: Termwind\ask(): Implicitly marking parameter $autocomplete as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/nunomaduro/termwind/src/Functions.php on line 61

Deprecated: money(): Implicitly marking parameter $currency as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/akaunting/laravel-money/src/helpers.php on line 7

Deprecated: Laravel\Prompts\text(): Implicitly marking parameter $validate as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/prompts/src/helpers.php on line 11

Deprecated: Laravel\Prompts\password(): Implicitly marking parameter $validate as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/prompts/src/helpers.php on line 19

Deprecated: Laravel\Prompts\select(): Implicitly marking parameter $default as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/prompts/src/helpers.php on line 29

Deprecated: Laravel\Prompts\select(): Implicitly marking parameter $validate as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/prompts/src/helpers.php on line 29

Deprecated: Laravel\Prompts\multiselect(): Implicitly marking parameter $validate as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/prompts/src/helpers.php on line 41

Deprecated: Laravel\Prompts\confirm(): Implicitly marking parameter $validate as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/prompts/src/helpers.php on line 49

Deprecated: Laravel\Prompts\suggest(): Implicitly marking parameter $validate as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/prompts/src/helpers.php on line 59

Deprecated: Laravel\Prompts\search(): Implicitly marking parameter $validate as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/prompts/src/helpers.php on line 69

Deprecated: Laravel\Prompts\note(): Implicitly marking parameter $type as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/prompts/src/helpers.php on line 90

Deprecated: Psy\info(): Implicitly marking parameter $config as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/psy/psysh/src/functions.php on line 131

Deprecated: optional(): Implicitly marking parameter $callback as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/helpers.php on line 190

Deprecated: with(): Implicitly marking parameter $callback as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/helpers.php on line 430

Deprecated: Mockery::formatArgs(): Implicitly marking parameter $arguments as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/mockery/mockery/library/Mockery.php on line 536

Deprecated: Mockery::formatObjects(): Implicitly marking parameter $objects as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/mockery/mockery/library/Mockery.php on line 612

Deprecated: Illuminate\Container\Container::beforeResolving(): Implicitly marking parameter $callback as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php on line 1151

Deprecated: Illuminate\Container\Container::resolving(): Implicitly marking parameter $callback as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php on line 1171

Deprecated: Illuminate\Container\Container::afterResolving(): Implicitly marking parameter $callback as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php on line 1191

Deprecated: Illuminate\Container\Container::setInstance(): Implicitly marking parameter $container as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php on line 1430

Deprecated: Illuminate\Contracts\Container\Container::beforeResolving(): Implicitly marking parameter $callback as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Contracts/Container/Container.php on line 200

Deprecated: Illuminate\Contracts\Container\Container::resolving(): Implicitly marking parameter $callback as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Contracts/Container/Container.php on line 209

Deprecated: Illuminate\Contracts\Container\Container::afterResolving(): Implicitly marking parameter $callback as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Contracts/Container/Container.php on line 218

Deprecated: Illuminate\Support\Arr::first(): Implicitly marking parameter $callback as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Collections/Arr.php on line 188

Deprecated: Illuminate\Support\Arr::last(): Implicitly marking parameter $callback as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Collections/Arr.php on line 217

Deprecated: Illuminate\Routing\Router::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $container as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php on line 136

Deprecated: Illuminate\Routing\Router::model(): Implicitly marking parameter $callback as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php on line 1140

Deprecated: Illuminate\Events\Dispatcher::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $container as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Events/Dispatcher.php on line 65

Deprecated: Illuminate\Http\Request::duplicate(): Implicitly marking parameter $query as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Http/Request.php on line 501

Deprecated: Illuminate\Http\Request::duplicate(): Implicitly marking parameter $request as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Http/Request.php on line 501

Deprecated: Illuminate\Http\Request::duplicate(): Implicitly marking parameter $attributes as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Http/Request.php on line 501

Deprecated: Illuminate\Http\Request::duplicate(): Implicitly marking parameter $cookies as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Http/Request.php on line 501

Deprecated: Illuminate\Http\Request::duplicate(): Implicitly marking parameter $files as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Http/Request.php on line 501

Deprecated: Illuminate\Http\Request::duplicate(): Implicitly marking parameter $server as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Http/Request.php on line 501

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request::duplicate(): Implicitly marking parameter $query as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/symfony/http-foundation/Request.php on line 446

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request::duplicate(): Implicitly marking parameter $request as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/symfony/http-foundation/Request.php on line 446

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request::duplicate(): Implicitly marking parameter $attributes as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/symfony/http-foundation/Request.php on line 446

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request::duplicate(): Implicitly marking parameter $cookies as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/symfony/http-foundation/Request.php on line 446

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request::duplicate(): Implicitly marking parameter $files as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/symfony/http-foundation/Request.php on line 446

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request::duplicate(): Implicitly marking parameter $server as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/symfony/http-foundation/Request.php on line 446

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request::getPreferredLanguage(): Implicitly marking parameter $locales as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/symfony/http-foundation/Request.php on line 1604

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request::getTrustedValues(): Implicitly marking parameter $ip as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/symfony/http-foundation/Request.php on line 2004

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\ParameterBag::all(): Implicitly marking parameter $key as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/symfony/http-foundation/ParameterBag.php on line 40

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\ParameterBag::getEnum(): Implicitly marking parameter $default as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/symfony/http-foundation/ParameterBag.php on line 176

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\HeaderBag::all(): Implicitly marking parameter $key as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/symfony/http-foundation/HeaderBag.php on line 68

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\HeaderBag::get(): Implicitly marking parameter $default as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/symfony/http-foundation/HeaderBag.php on line 113

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\HeaderBag::getDate(): Implicitly marking parameter $default as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/symfony/http-foundation/HeaderBag.php on line 198

Deprecated: Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\InputBag::getEnum(): Implicitly marking parameter $default as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/symfony/http-foundation/InputBag.php on line 86

Deprecated: Illuminate\Http\Concerns\InteractsWithInput::whenHas(): Implicitly marking parameter $default as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Http/Concerns/InteractsWithInput.php on line 123

Deprecated: Illuminate\Http\Concerns\InteractsWithInput::whenFilled(): Implicitly marking parameter $default as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Http/Concerns/InteractsWithInput.php on line 201

Deprecated: Illuminate\Http\Concerns\InteractsWithInput::whenMissing(): Implicitly marking parameter $default as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Http/Concerns/InteractsWithInput.php on line 235

Deprecated: Illuminate\Support\Str::createRandomStringsUsing(): Implicitly marking parameter $factory as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Str.php on line 871

Deprecated: Illuminate\Support\Str::createUuidsUsing(): Implicitly marking parameter $factory as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Str.php on line 1391

Deprecated: Illuminate\Support\Str::freezeUuids(): Implicitly marking parameter $callback as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Str.php on line 1436

Deprecated: Carbon\Traits\Date::getDaysFromStartOfWeek(): Implicitly marking parameter $weekStartsAt as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/Traits/Date.php on line 1394

Deprecated: Carbon\Traits\Date::setDaysFromStartOfWeek(): Implicitly marking parameter $weekStartsAt as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/Traits/Date.php on line 1412

Deprecated: Carbon\Traits\Date::utcOffset(): Implicitly marking parameter $minuteOffset as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/Traits/Date.php on line 1481

Deprecated: Carbon\Traits\Localization::locale(): Implicitly marking parameter $locale as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/Traits/Localization.php on line 445

Deprecated: Symfony\Contracts\Translation\TranslatorInterface::trans(): Implicitly marking parameter $domain as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/symfony/translation-contracts/TranslatorInterface.php on line 62

Deprecated: Symfony\Contracts\Translation\TranslatorInterface::trans(): Implicitly marking parameter $locale as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/symfony/translation-contracts/TranslatorInterface.php on line 62

Deprecated: Carbon\Traits\Test::setDefaultTimezone(): Implicitly marking parameter $date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/Traits/Test.php on line 204

Deprecated: Return type of Carbon\Carbon::createFromTimestamp($timestamp, $tz = null) should either be compatible with DateTime::createFromTimestamp(int|float $timestamp): static, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/Traits/Timestamp.php on line 29

Deprecated: Illuminate\Support\Traits\Conditionable::when(): Implicitly marking parameter $callback as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Conditionable/Traits/Conditionable.php on line 21

Deprecated: Illuminate\Support\Traits\Conditionable::when(): Implicitly marking parameter $default as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Conditionable/Traits/Conditionable.php on line 21

Deprecated: Illuminate\Support\Traits\Conditionable::unless(): Implicitly marking parameter $callback as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Conditionable/Traits/Conditionable.php on line 53

Deprecated: Illuminate\Support\Traits\Conditionable::unless(): Implicitly marking parameter $default as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Conditionable/Traits/Conditionable.php on line 53

Deprecated: Carbon\CarbonTimeZone::toOffsetName(): Implicitly marking parameter $date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/CarbonTimeZone.php on line 158

Deprecated: Carbon\CarbonTimeZone::toOffsetTimeZone(): Implicitly marking parameter $date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/CarbonTimeZone.php on line 172

Deprecated: Carbon\CarbonTimeZone::toRegionName(): Implicitly marking parameter $date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/CarbonTimeZone.php on line 188

Deprecated: Carbon\CarbonTimeZone::toRegionTimeZone(): Implicitly marking parameter $date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/nesbot/carbon/src/Carbon/CarbonTimeZone.php on line 230

Deprecated: Dotenv\Repository\RepositoryBuilder::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $allowList as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/vlucas/phpdotenv/src/Repository/RepositoryBuilder.php on line 68

Deprecated: Dotenv\Repository\RepositoryBuilder::allowList(): Implicitly marking parameter $allowList as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/vlucas/phpdotenv/src/Repository/RepositoryBuilder.php on line 247

Deprecated: Dotenv\Dotenv::create(): Implicitly marking parameter $fileEncoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/vlucas/phpdotenv/src/Dotenv.php on line 83

Deprecated: Dotenv\Dotenv::createMutable(): Implicitly marking parameter $fileEncoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/vlucas/phpdotenv/src/Dotenv.php on line 112

Deprecated: Dotenv\Dotenv::createUnsafeMutable(): Implicitly marking parameter $fileEncoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/vlucas/phpdotenv/src/Dotenv.php on line 129

Deprecated: Dotenv\Dotenv::createImmutable(): Implicitly marking parameter $fileEncoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/vlucas/phpdotenv/src/Dotenv.php on line 148

Deprecated: Dotenv\Dotenv::createUnsafeImmutable(): Implicitly marking parameter $fileEncoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/vlucas/phpdotenv/src/Dotenv.php on line 165

Deprecated: Dotenv\Dotenv::createArrayBacked(): Implicitly marking parameter $fileEncoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/vlucas/phpdotenv/src/Dotenv.php on line 185

Deprecated: Dotenv\Store\StoreBuilder::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $fileEncoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/vlucas/phpdotenv/src/Store/StoreBuilder.php on line 54

Deprecated: Dotenv\Store\StoreBuilder::fileEncoding(): Implicitly marking parameter $fileEncoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/vlucas/phpdotenv/src/Store/StoreBuilder.php on line 123

Deprecated: Dotenv\Store\FileStore::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $fileEncoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/vlucas/phpdotenv/src/Store/FileStore.php on line 42

Deprecated: Dotenv\Store\File\Reader::read(): Implicitly marking parameter $fileEncoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/vlucas/phpdotenv/src/Store/File/Reader.php on line 43

Deprecated: Dotenv\Store\File\Reader::readFromFile(): Implicitly marking parameter $encoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/vlucas/phpdotenv/src/Store/File/Reader.php on line 70

Deprecated: Dotenv\Util\Str::utf8(): Implicitly marking parameter $encoding as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/vlucas/phpdotenv/src/Util/Str.php on line 36

Deprecated: Dotenv\Util\Str::substr(): Implicitly marking parameter $length as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/vlucas/phpdotenv/src/Util/Str.php on line 82

Deprecated: Dotenv\Util\Regex::replaceCallback(): Implicitly marking parameter $limit as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/vlucas/phpdotenv/src/Util/Regex.php on line 67

Deprecated: Dotenv\Parser\Entry::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $value as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/clients/24bd31dc3e749d350de40fd5150d6915/sites/mbanya.cm/vendor/vlucas/phpdotenv/src/Parser/Entry.php on line 33

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Bref Aperçu de la ville de Douala - Chefferie Mbanya

Mbanya forme une Collectivité Coutumière installée au cœur de la Ville de Douala, Capitale économique du Cameroun. S.M Elong Kotto est Chef Coutumier et Chef de Chefferie de cette entité devenue célébre en référence au baptême traditionnel du Président Paul BIYA.

Situation générale

Douala est une ville estuarienne établie sur les rives du fleuve Wouri qui la divise en deux. Située à environ 30 km de l'océan Atlantique, entre 4° de latitude Nord et 9°45 de longitude Est, elle couvre une superficie d'environ 1920 km2. Elle est limitée au Nord par le Département du Moungo, au Nord Est par le département du Nkam, au Sud Est par la rivière Dibamba et au Sud-Ouest par l'océan Atlantique.

Territoire

Le Village de Mbanya est situé dans l’Arrondissement de Douala 5, au nord-est de Douala, la capitale économique du Cameroun. Douala 5 est l'une des communes de la ville de Douala, la plus grande ville et le principal port du Cameroun. La mairie a son siège dans le quartier Bonamoussadi. Le bassin versant de Mbanya couvre une superficie de 452 ha, bordé de quartiers populaires et insalubres. Il draine les eaux du plateau Bépanda.

Avec un réseau hydrographique très dense, la plaine littorale est découpée par les cours d’eau à régime permanent qui circulent dans les bas-fonds inondables de Douala et drainent les eaux de ruissèlement et probablement celles des nappes d’eau sous-jacentes. Ces cours d’eau s’écoulent en général du Nord-Est vers le Sud-Ouest et peuvent être classés en huit bassins versants majeurs. Mbanya constitue avec huit autres bassins versants l'ensemble des bassins versants de la ville de Douala. Il s'agit des bassins versants de Bonassama, de Bobongo, du Mboppi, de la Besseké, du Tongo Bassa, du Ngoua, du Nsapé et du Kambo.

Le climat

Le climat de la ville de Douala est de type Equatorial humide caractérisé par d'abondantes précipitations de l'ordre de 4000 à 6000 mm de pluies par an et une pluviométrie moyenne de 4200 mm de pluies par an. La température moyenne annuelle est de l'ordre de 27 °C et l'amplitude thermique est de 2,4°c. L'humidité est très élevée toute l'année et les vents de faibles intensités soufflent généralement dans la direction Sud-Ouest (DR/MINEP/LT, 2011).

L'hydrographie

Le réseau hydrographique de la ville de Douala, est constitué par son principal fleuve le Wouri qui divise la ville en deux parties. En plus du fleuve Wouri, l'hydrographie de la ville de Douala est repartie sur neuf bassins versants hydrographiques majeurs qui se jettent dans le fleuve Wouri : Bonassama, Besséké, Bobongo, Mgoua, Kambo, Nsapé, Mbopi, Mbanya et Tongo bassa. On constate que les lits de ces cours d'eau ont été très réduits à cause de l'occupation anarchique de l'espace par les populations et les ordures ménagères.

Le relief

La ville de Douala s'est établie sur un ensemble de trois bas plateaux dont les altitudes sont comprises entre 15 et 22 mètres; ces plateaux sont cisaillés par les vallées encaissées des affluents du Wouri.

  • Les plateaux de Bonanjo et Akwa s'inclinent en pente douce vers l'intérieur;
  • Le plateau Deido qui est séparé de celui d'Akwa par la vallée du Mbopi et est éventré par la vallée du Nguété affluent du Mbopi;
  • Le plateau de Bépanda à l'est du plateau de Deido occupe une sorte d'interfluve entre le Mbanya et le Tongo-Bassa. Ce plateau de 15 à 20 m d'altitude s'incline généralement vers le Nord.

La géologie et les sols

D'après la CUD (2009), La ville de Douala se situe dans les séries sédimentaires côtières composées du bassin qui porte son nom et du bassin de Campo. Ce bassin qui est encore dénommé «bassin sédimentaire de Douala», d'environ 7000 km² de superficie, est le plus vaste des bassins sédimentaires côtiers du Cameroun. La lithologie du bassin se présente ainsi, du haut en bas:

  • les sédiments du Quaternaire de type fluvio-deltaïque, principalement des sables à matrice argileuse ;
  • les sédiments du Tertiaire constitués essentiellement de formations argileuses ;
  • les sédiments du Secondaire constitués de grès et d'argiles schisteuses.
  • Les sols sont de type ferralitiques sur les parties émergées et de type hydromorphes en bordure côtière.

La végétation

La végétation de la ville de Douala en général et du bassin hydrographique de Mbanya est caractérisée par la présence d'une mangrove à palétuviers et aux raphias dans les bas-fonds marécageux et à une savane arborescente qui est la résultante d'une forte déforestation liée à l'urbanisation.